Monera Kingdom Bacteria

 Kingdom Monera class 11 NCERT

In the hierarchy, the kingdom is established as a key. Kingdom is of five (5) types one of them is monera. Monera belongs to a Prokaryotic family. Let's take a view of Kingdom Monera_

Monera bacteria are microscopic organisms that can survive in diverse environments. They can be beneficial as well as harmful. They possess straightforward structures without a nucleus and a few cell organelles.

The bacteria are surrounded by two protective coverings- the outer cell wall and the inner cell membrane. Some bacteria are also covered by a capsule. Few bacteria like Mycoplasma do not have a cell wall.

Short whip-like extensions known as pili surround the surface of the bacteria. The whip-like structures are known as flagellates.

Monera Kingdom  Bacteria

Monera characters

• Monera has a simple structured cell.
• The behavior of Monera is very complex.
•  Extensive metabolic activities take place in monera cells.
• Both autotrophic and heterotrophic 
• Autotrophic: Photosynthetic and Chemosynthetic.
• They do not have a true nucleus.
• They contain 70S ribosomes to store ATP.
•  The DNA is naked and is not bound by a nuclear membrane. It lacks organelles like mitochondria, lysosomes, plastids, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, centrosome, etc. 
• Reproduction by binary fission, spore formation, and sexual reproduction.

Monera: Archebacteria

• They are halophiles means found in salty areas.
• Methanogens mean marshy areas.
• Themocidophiles means some of their species are also found in hot springs.
• The cell wall of monera is extreme they can survive in harsh environments.
• Methanogens= gut of ruminant animals.
• Produce methane.

Monera: Eubacteria (True bacteria)

• The cell wall of eubacteria is rigid.
• The flagellum has motility.
• They are photosynthetic autotrophs.
• Cynobacteria= BGA (blue-green algae).
• Unicellular.
• Fillamentous and colonial.
• They are freshwater, marine, and terrestrial.
• Heterocysts= Nostoc and anabaena.
• Work of fixing nitrogen present in the atmosphere.
• Those bacteria that can fix nitrogen in the atmosphere are known as heterocysts.
• Oxidize many atmospheric substances like nitrite, nitrates, and ammonia.

Monera Kingdom

Monera is a biological kingdom that is made up of prokaryotes. As such, it is composed of single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. The taxon Monera was first proposed as a phylum by Ernst Haeckel in 1866. Subsequently, the phylum was elevated to the rank of the kingdom in 1925 by Édouard Chatton.

Monera characters

• Recycled nutrients: nitrogen, phosphate, iron, sulfur.
• Chemosynthetic and photosynthetic autotrophic bacteria.
• Monera are decomposores of the nature.
• Making curd ( Cyanobacteria ).
• Production of antibiotics.
• Fix nitrogen in legume roots.
• Have some harmful pathogens too heterotrophic bacteria.
• Reproduction by binary fission, spore formation, sexual reproduction.
• In some lack of cell walls is seen.
• Mycoplasma=smallest=lack of the cell wall.

MCQs on Monera Kingdom  Bacteria

Q. Which of the following is true about Monera?

   a) It is a eukaryotic kingdom

   b) It consists of multicellular organisms

   c) It lacks a true nucleus

   d) It contains complex cell structures

Answer: c) It lacks a true nucleus

Q. What surrounds the bacteria and acts as a protective covering?

   a) Cell membrane

   b) Nucleus

   c) Cell wall

   d) Capsule

Answer: c) Cell wall

Q. What are the whip-like structures surrounding the surface of bacteria called?

   a) Cilia

   b) Pili

   c) Flagella

   d) Vacuoles

Answer: c) Flagella

Q. Who proposed the taxon Monera as a phylum in 1866?

   a) Ernst Haeckel

   b) Édouard Chatton

   c) Carl Linnaeus

   d) Charles Darwin

Answer: a) Ernst Haeckel

Q. Which type of bacteria is found in salty areas?

   a) Methanogens

   b) Halophiles

   c) Thermophiles

   d) Archebacteria

Answer: b) Halophiles

Q. Which bacteria can be found in the gut of ruminant animals and produce methane?

   a) Archebacteria

   b) Halophiles

   c) Methanogens

   d) Eubacteria

Answer: c) Methanogens

Q. What is the characteristic cell wall of Eubacteria?

   a) Rigid

   b) Flexible

   c) Absent

   d) Hard

Answer: a) Rigid

Q. Which type of bacteria has motility through the flagellum?

   a) Archebacteria

   b) Halophiles

   c) Methanogens

   d) Eubacteria

Answer: d) Eubacteria

Q. Which group of bacteria is known as blue-green algae?

   a) Halophiles

   b) Methanogens

   c) Cyanobacteria

   d) Archebacteria

Answer: c) Cyanobacteria

Q. What is the reproductive process of bacteria called, which involves splitting into two daughter cells?

    a) Mitosis

    b) Meiosis

    c) Binary fission

    d) Budding

Answer: c) Binary fission

Q. Which type of bacteria can fix nitrogen in the atmosphere?

    a) Heterocysts

    b) Halophiles

    c) Methanogens

    d) Cyanobacteria

Answer: a) Heterocysts

Q. What is the role of heterocysts in bacteria?

    a) Fixing nitrogen

    b) Photosynthesis

    c) Reproduction

    d) Motility

Answer: a) Fixing nitrogen

Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of Monera?

    a) Lack of cell walls

    b) Complex cell structures

    c) Multicellularity

    d) Presence of nucleus

Answer: b) Complex cell structures

Q. Which bacteria are responsible for the production of antibiotics?

    a) Methanogens

    b) Halophiles

    c) Cyanobacteria

    d) Archebacteria

Answer: c) Cyanobacteria

Q. What are the smallest bacteria that lack a cell wall called?

    a) Methanogens

    b)Halophiles

    c) Mycoplasma

    d) Archebacteria

Answer: c) Mycoplasma