Hormones or glands in animals/humans
HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
• Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted directly into the blood, which carries them to organs and tissues of the body to exert their function.
•Exocrine glands: Placing a fluid, known as immersion oil, between the objective lens and the cover slip significantly enhances the light-gathering capabilities of this lens. To ensure optimal performance, the fluid must possess an identical refractive index to that of the lens.
• Endocrine glands: secrete their products directly into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemical signals that promote communication btw. the cells, body parts, and even individuals.
• The term "endocrine gland" refers to a biological structure, consisting of cells or tissue, that produces hormones within the body.
Hypothalamus
Location - Brain.
Produces = "releasing hormones" & "inhibitory hormones".
Function = It controls the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland and gathers information from various regions of the brain, transmitting it to the pituitary gland through its own secretion.
• Growth hormones control the growth of humans and animals.
Pituitary gland
Location - just below the brain.
It is the master gland as it controls the secretion of all the other endocrine glands.
It regulates the growth & development body.
The person having a deficiency of growth hormones in childhood remains very short and dwarf.
Thyroid gland
Hormone = thyroxine (contains iodine)
Thyroxine = It controls the rate of metabolism of carbohydrates fats & proteins in the body.
Iodine is necessary for making the thyroxine hormone. In the case of iodine deficiency, under-secretion of thyroxine leads to goiter (gal-Khand).
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| Hormones in humans or animals |
Pancreas
Location = Below stomach, Hormone Inulin, Glucagon.
Function - Lower the blood sugar level Core blood glucose level)_ Deficiency of insulin causes - Diabetes.
Parathyroid
There are 4 small parathyroid glands in the thyroid
They secrete a hormone known as Parathormone
Function = to regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the blood.
Thymus glands.
Location - the lower part of the neck and upper part of the chest.
Hormone = Thymus hormone.
The thymus hormone contributes to the development of the body's immune system.
The gland shrinks after puberty. (train)
Adrenal glands
Gland of Emergency
Location = Foe on top of each kidney
Hormone- adrenaline.
Function - It controls the heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism.
Triggers the body's fight-or-flight response. (PPP) (Eight, Hight, Jean).
Sex glands / Gonads
These are gamete-producing organs
males-Testies
females-Ovaries
* Difference between Nervous system & Endocrine systems?
Answer
Nervous System
•The system is made up of nerve cells.
•Electrical impulses serve as the medium for transmitting messages.
•Messages are transmitted along the nerve fiber.
•Messages travel very quickly.
•Effect of messages usually lasts for a very short while
Endocrine System
•The system is made up of set glands.
•Hormones are the chemical messengers through which messages are transmitted.
•Messages are transmitted through the bloodstream.
• Messages travel more slowly.
•The effect of messages usually lasts longer.
What is the Endocrine System?
The system can be described as a complex network of glands within your body that produce hormones, enabling cells to communicate with each other. These glands are responsible for regulating nearly every cell, organ, and bodily function.
If your body is not in good health, you may encounter difficulties during adolescence, conceiving a child, or coping with stress. you furthermore {might} might gain weight simply, have weak bones, or lack energy as a result of an excessive amount of sugar staying in your blood rather than getting in your cells wherever it's required for energy.
A gland is a connected organ that manufactures and releases hormones that perform specific functions in your body. Endocrine and secretory glands release the substances they produce into your bloodstream.
Endocrine System Functions
Human endocrine system
Produces hormones that regulate mood, growth, development, metabolism, organs, and reproduction.
Controls however your hormones area unit discharged
Sends those hormones into your blood so that they will jaunt different body elements
Parts of the system
Many glands conjure the system. The neural structure, pituitary body, and epiphysis area unit in your brain. The thyroid and parathyroid glands are located in your neck. The thymus is situated between your lungs, the adrenal gland is positioned on top of your kidneys, and the pancreas is located behind your stomach. If you are a woman, your ovaries are in your pelvic region, while if you are a man, your testes are also in your pelvic region.
Health problems
As you grow older, it's normal to observe certain changes related to your body. Your metabolism tends to block. therefore you may gain weight although you haven't modified how you eat or exercise. secretion shifts additionally make a case for, a minimum of partially, why you are additional likely to own cardiopathy, pathology, and kind of a pair of polygenic diseases as you age.
No matter how previous you are, stress, infections, and being around sure chemicals may also mess with components of your system. Genetic factors and lifestyle habits can raise the likelihood of developing endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism, diabetes, or osteoporosis.
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