Hirudinaria Granulosa
Hirudinaria Granulosa is also known as Cattle leach.
The Indian cattle leech is a freshwater leech found in lakes, ponds, swamps, and streams. They are ectoparasitic and feed on the blood of fishes, frogs, cattle, humans, etc. The Hirudinaria granulosa species is found in India, Bangladesh, and Srilanka.
Classification od hirudinaria granulosa:
PHYLUM:- ANNELIDA
CLASS:- CLITELLATA
SUB-CLASS:- HIRUDINEA
ORDER :- ARCHYNCHOBDELLIDA OR GNATHOBDELLIDA
FAMILY:- HIRUDINIDAE
GENUS:- Hirudinaria
SPECIES:- granulosa
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| Hirudinaria Granulosa features, development, and reproduction |
Habit of Hirudinaria Granulosa:
1. External options of Hirudinaria Granulosa
2. Body Wall of Hirudinaria Granulosa
3. Locomotion of Hirudinaria Granulosa
4. Digestive System of Hirudinaria Granulosa
5. Coelom in Hirudinaria Granulosa
6. Hemocoelomic System of Hirudinaria Granulosa
7. Respiratory System of Hirudinaria Granulosa
8.Excretory System of Hirudinaria Granulosa
9. Nervous System of Hirudinaria Granulosa
10. Sense Organs of Hirudinaria Granulosa
11. Reproductive System of Hirudinaria Granulosa
12. Copulation and Fertilisation of Hirudinaria Granulosa.
1. Habit of Hirudinaria Granulosa:
Hirudinaria granulosa may be a common Indian leech found in fresh tanks, ponds, lakes, swamps, and slow streams. It prefers shallow water and remains hidden below weeds, logs, and stones. it's sanguivorous (blood-sucking) intake of the blood of fishes and frogs, and conjointly of cows or individuals after they enter the lake.
Leeches show excellent diversity in their habits and environments. Some species are marine, some are fresh, whereas all others are terrestrial. although several species are blood-suckers (ectoparasitic) however an oversized range isn't ectoparasitic however are predatory and prey on worms, snails, and bug larvae.
2. External options of Hirudinaria Granulosa:
(i) Form and Size:
The body of Hirudinaria is soft, vermiform, elongated, bilaterally symmetrical, and metamerically segmental.
In a state of extension, the body is dorsoventrally two-dimensional and seems virtually strap-shaped however in a very state of contraction, the body becomes additional or less cylindrical. The body is the broadest close to the posterior finish, whereas the narrowest close to the anterior finish. it's res publica of contraction and growth. A full adult specimen could attain a length of thirty to thirty-five cm.
(ii) Colouration:
The body is superbly colored with characteristic markings. The dorsal surface is usually olive-green and also the ventral surface is orange-yellow or orange-red and also the 2 sides bear distinct stripes of orange or yellow and black. On the dorsal facet could be a median longitudinal black stripe.
(iii) Segmentation:
The body of the leech is split metamerically into segments or somites however metamerism is far reduced and also the range of segments, in contrast to alternative annelids, is fastened in leeches, they continuously have thirty-three segments or somites.
In the case of the leech, the external segmentation doesn't correspond with the inner segmentation. however, the first segmentation is obscured by secondary external annulation. every section is shifting outwardly by grooves into rings referred to as annuli.
The first and second segments have one annulus every, the third has 2 annuli, segments fourth to sixth have 3 annuli every, segments seventh to 22nd ar broad having 5 annuli every, segments ordinal to ordinal have 2 annuli every, segments 27th to 33rd have one annulus every, they type the posterior sucker.
Hirudo medicinalis, Haemadipsa, Sangulvorous leech, and Hirudinaria
However, segments with but 5 annuli are stated as incomplete, whereas those with 5 annuli are referred to as complete segments. every annulus of a section is split into little rectangular areas by longitudinal wrinkles. every such space encompasses a type of papilla-like structure bearing a sensory organ referred to as an annulated receptor; there are eighteen such receptors each on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of every annulus.
Besides these, the primary annulus of every section bears larger sensory organs referred to as sensillae or segmental receptors; these are four pairs on the dorsal facet and 3 on the ventral facet. thanks to this the primary annulus of every section is termed the sensory annulus.
Hirudinaria. External features and section from the middle region of the body showing the receptors
(iv) Suckers:
Each finish of the body of the leech bears a hollow muscular organ, the sucker. The anterior sucker or cephalic or oral sucker is made by the fusion of the prostomium with a couple of somites of the anterior region. it's oval in definition and is placed on the ventral surface of the anterior finish. It additionally possesses a ventrally directed cup-like hollow structure, the pre-oral chamber, that leads into the mouth.
The posterior sucker or anal sucker is circular in definition and forms the extremely muscular disc at the posterior finish of the body of the leech. it's fashioned by the fusion of the last seven segments. it's far better developed and bigger in size than the anterior sucker. each sucker is directed ventrally, and the leech will firmly grip the substrate with its suckers. the 2 suckers are primarily meant for adhesion and locomotion.
Leech showing oral and anal sucker
(v) Clitellum:
During the breeding season a girdle-like clitellum is made around segments ninth to eleventh, the remainder of the year there's no clitellum.
(vi) Eyes:
On the dorsal facet are 5 pairs of eyes, one combined on every of the primary and second segments, and one combined on the primary annulus of the segments third, fourth, and fifth.
Hirudinaria. cephalic region
(vii) External Apertures:
External apertures within the body are as follows:
a. Mouth:
It is a slim triradiate aperture settled within the center of the funnel-like a pre-oral chamber of the anterior sucker.
b. Anus:
It is a really little aperture settled mid-dorsally on the ordinal section at the foundation of the posterior sucker.
c. Nephridiopores:
There area unit of seventeen pairs of nephridiopores lying on the ventral surface of the body, of that one combine, lies on the last annulus of each of the segments from sixth to ordinal.
d. Male generative aperture:
It is placed in an exceeding groove between the second and third annuli of the tenth segment on the mid-ventral line of the body. A threadlike member is typically seen sticking through this aperture.
e. feminine generative aperture:
It is typically smaller and low conspicuous than the male aperture. it's placed mid-ventrally in an exceeding groove between the second and third annuli of the eleventh segment of the body.
Divisions of Body of Hirudinaria:
The body of the leech consists of thirty-three somites and is divisible into the subsequent six regions:
1. external body part or Head Region:
It is composed of the primary 5 segments. It includes the prostomium, anterior sucker, mouth, and also the eyes; really a combination of eyes area units placed on the dorsal aspect of the initial annulus all told the external body part segments. Therefore, these segments are remarked because of the ocular segments.
Nephridiopores area unit absent during this region. the primary 2 segments area unit uniannulate, the third phase is biannulate, and the fourth and fifth segments area unit triannulate. The prostomium and also the initial 3 segments kind the higher lip.
2. Preclitellar Region:
It includes 3 segments, i.e., VI, VII, and VIII, all bearing nephridiopores. segment VI is triannulate however the remaining 2 area units are utterly quinquannulate, i.e., every with 5 annuli.
3. Clitellar Region:
It is composed of 3 complete segments, i.e., IX, X, and XI. there's no permanent clitellum in Hirudinaria however temporary clitellum develops solely throughout the breeding season. This region possesses an organ wall. Nephridiopores are gifts during this region, the male and feminine generative apertures area unit placed mid-ventrally on the X and XI segments severally. The segments of the clitellar region area unit quinquannulate.
4. Middle Region:
It is the biggest region of the body and consists of 11 complete somites (XII to XXII). All the segments of this region area unit quinquannulate and possess nephridiopores.
5. Caudal Region:
This region is brief and consists of 4 incomplete somites, i.e., XXIII to XXVI. phase XXIII is triannulate however the remaining 3 area units biannulate. phase XXVI bears the anal aperture on the dorsal aspect. There are not any nephridiopores.
6. Posterior Sucker:
It is composed of seven segments (XXVII to XXXIII) organized in concentrical rings and each is portrayed by one annulus. These seven segments' area units are utterly consolidated and their intersegmental furrows area unit is greatly suppressed.
3. Body Wall of Hirudinaria Granulosa:
The body wall consists of 5 layers, viz., cuticle, epidermis, dermis, muscular layer, and vine tissue.
(i) Cuticle:
The cuticle is the outmost, thin, delicate, clear, colorless, and moderately elastic protecting covering. it's thicker slightly on the dorsal surface than on the ventral surface. it's perforated throughout by the cuticular glands open out. it's secreted by the underlying stratum and is disposed of within the sort of skinny clear spreads sporadically.
(ii) Epidermis:
The stratum may be a single-cell layer of hammer-shaped cells, some cuticular cells type many types of living things cannular and pear-shaped glands, the secretory organ cells are unsuccessful into the stratum, and they secrete mucous secretion that covers the body.
4. Locomotion of Hirudinaria Granulosa
The leech has 2 varieties of locomotion, creeping, process or creeping, and swimming.
Hirudinaria. Stages in locomotion
Creeping or Crawling:
In crawling the suckers area unit is alternately mounted to the stratum and therefore the body contracts and extends.
When the anterior sucker is mounted, a wave of contraction takes place within the longitudinal muscles shortening the animal and moving the posterior sucker forward, by this the body contracts and is forced forwards, then the posterior sucker is mounted and a wave of contraction takes place within the circular muscles passing back from the anterior finish by that the body is prolonged and extended forward.
Swimming:
In swimming an excellent dorso-ventral flattening takes place because of the contraction of dorso-ventral muscles and undulatory waves pass during a vertical plane over the body from the anterior to the posterior finish because of the contraction of longitudinal muscles. The leech may be a swift swimmer.
5. Digestive system of Hirudinaria Granulosa
The digestive system consists of the digestive tract and biological process glands related to it Digestive System of Hirudinaria
Alimentary Canal of Hirudinaria:
The digestive tract of a leech may be a straight tube extending throughout the length of the body from the mouth to the orifice. Leech is a sanguivorous (blood-sucking) inhabit, therefore, the digestive tract is incredibly abundant and suited to its blood suction habit because most portion of the digestive tract serves to store un-coagulated blood, whereas solely a little portion serves for its digestion and absorption.
The digestive tract consists of the stomodaeum (lined with ectodermic animal tissue and coated by cuticle), the mesenteron (lined with endodermal animal tissue and no cuticle covering), and therefore the proctodaeum
